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How can sole traders obtain relief for trading losses?

In difficult trading conditions, a sole trader may realise a loss rather than a profit. Where this is the case, it is important that the trader realises that they may be able to claim tax relief for that loss. There is more than one way in which this can be done, and the best route…Read More

Capital gains tax annual exempt amount – Use it or lose it!

The 2025/26 tax year comes to an end on 5 April 2026. If you are thinking of selling assets that may realise a gain and have yet to use your 2025/26 capital gains tax annual exempt amount, it may be worth making the disposal before the end of the current tax year. All individuals have…Read More

What the hike in the dividend tax rate means for personal and family companies

In her tax-raising Budget on 26 November 2025, the Chancellor announced that the dividend ordinary rate and the dividend upper rate are to rise by two percentage points from 6 April 2026. This will affect director/shareholders in personal and family companies who extract profits in the form of dividends. How dividends are taxed Dividends have…Read More

The £100,000 cliff edge

All things being equal, receiving a pay rise which takes your income over £100,000 would be seen as a cause for celebration. However, all things are not equal, and as press reports attest, some people would rather turn down a promotion or cut their hours than take their earnings over £100,000. We explain why this…Read More

Effective date of VAT registration

Businesses must register for VAT when their turnover exceeds the registration threshold (currently £90,000). This must be done if, at the end of any month, the taxable supplies in the previous 12 months or less exceed the registration threshold or if the business expects that in the next 30 days alone their turnover will exceed…Read More

New evidence requirements for personal pension relief

Individuals who claim higher or additional rate relief for personal pension contributions through their tax code may now need to provide evidence in support of their claim where previously they did not need to do so. HMRC changed the rules as regards the provision of supporting evidence with effect from 1 September 2025. From the…Read More

Checking your tax code

The tax code is fundamental to the operation of PAYE. An employee’s tax code provides the employer with the information needed to deduct the correct amount of tax from an employee’s pay. There are various types of tax codes depending on an employee’s circumstances. A tax code is typically made up of numbers and letters.…Read More

Class 2 National Insurance contributions charged in error

The liability for self-employed earners to pay Class 2 National Insurance contributions was abolished with effect from 6 April 2024. Now Class 2 National Insurance is a voluntary charge which self-employed earners with profits below the small profits threshold can choose to pay to secure a qualifying year for state pension and benefit purposes. Where…Read More

Information that must be included on a VAT invoice

A VAT invoice is an invoice that contains information required by the VAT regulations. A VAT invoice can only be issued by a business which is registered for VAT. Where a business is VAT registered, they must issue a VAT invoice whenever they supply goods or services that are liable to the standard rate of…Read More

IHT charge on unused pension benefits

From 6 April 2027, inheritance tax will be payable where someone’s estate at death includes unused pension funds or death benefits. The measure was announced at the time of the Autumn 2024 Budget. It will increase the inheritance tax payable on an estate which includes unused pension benefits where the estate is not sheltered in…Read More

Tax implications of writing off a director’s loan

Personal and family companies often make loans to directors. However, there can be tax and National Insurance implications of doing so. Where the loan remains outstanding nine months and one day after the end of the accounting period in which it is made, a tax charge arises on the company. Tax charges may also arise…Read More

When do you need to register for VAT and how do you do it?

If you are running a business, regardless of whether you operate as a sole trader, in partnership or the business is run as a limited company, you will need to register for VAT if your total taxable turnover in the previous 12 months exceeds the VAT registration threshold of £90,000 or if you expect your…Read More

Making a loan from a personal company to a family member

There are many possible situations in which a person may make a loan to a family member, for example, a parent may lend money to an adult child to provide them with a deposit for a property. Where the parent has a personal or family company and there are unextracted profits in the company, it…Read More

Capital allowances for cars

Cars are a special case when it comes to capital allowances. While capital allowances may be claimed on cars used in a business, partners and sole traders have the option of using the simplified expenses system instead. Where the cash basis is used, it is not possible to deduct the full cost of the car…Read More

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